In psychological research, what is a hypothesis?

A hypothesis is a testable prediction about the relationship between two or more variables. In psychological research, it serves as a foundational element that guides the study. Researchers formulate hypotheses based on existing theories or observations, seeking to explore and validate these predictions through empirical investigation.

By presenting a clear and specific hypothesis, researchers establish a framework for their studies, allowing them to gather data in a structured way. The testable nature of a hypothesis means that it can be supported or refuted through experimentation and observation, which is crucial for advancing scientific knowledge.

The other options describe different aspects of the research process. A definitive outcome and a summary of experiment results reflect stages after research is conducted, while a final conclusion drawn from data indicates the end of the research analysis phase, not the initial phase where hypotheses are created and tested. Therefore, the correct identification of a hypothesis as a testable prediction highlights its critical role in guiding research inquiries in psychology.