What defines a random sample in research?

A random sample is defined as one that fairly represents a population because it provides every individual in the population an equal chance of being selected. This method helps to eliminate selection biases that could distort research findings and ensure that the sample mirrors the diversity and characteristics of the larger group. The goal of using a random sample is to enhance the validity and generalizability of the study results, allowing researchers to make more accurate inferences about the entire population.

In contrast, a sample chosen based on specific traits selects individuals that meet particular criteria, which would not ensure diverse representation. A sample selected without any randomness would indicate a systematic selection process, potentially leading to biased results. Finally, a sample drawn from a non-diverse group lacks the variety necessary to represent a broader population effectively. Thus, only a random sample truly embodies the concept of fair representation in research.