What factor is intentionally changed in an experiment to observe its effects?

In an experiment, the independent variable is the factor that researchers intentionally manipulate to observe its effects on other variables. This variable is considered independent because it is changed or controlled by the experimenter, allowing them to determine how variations in this factor influence the outcomes, or dependent variables.

For example, if a researcher is studying the effect of different amounts of sunlight on plant growth, the amount of sunlight received would be the independent variable. By systematically altering this factor, the researcher can assess how it impacts other aspects, such as plant height or leaf growth, which represent the dependent variables.

The independent variable's manipulation is crucial, as it establishes a cause-and-effect relationship within the context of the experiment. It is essential to clearly identify and control this variable to draw valid conclusions about the influence it has on the outcomes being measured.