What is a defense mechanism in psychology?

A defense mechanism in psychology refers to a mental process that is employed to protect an individual from experiencing anxiety, uncomfortable thoughts, or distressing emotions. These mechanisms operate unconsciously and serve to shield the individual from psychological harm by distorting reality. For example, mechanisms like denial, repression, and rationalization can help a person cope with situations that may otherwise overwhelm them.

Understanding defense mechanisms is crucial because they can impact behaviors and emotional responses in various situations, influencing how people manage relationships and stress. While some strategies may involve conscious efforts to confront anxiety directly, defense mechanisms are often automatic and not recognized by the individual. This distinguishes them from more direct coping strategies, which are typically approached with awareness and intention.