What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?

Intrinsic motivation refers to doing an activity for its inherent satisfaction rather than for some separable consequence. It is driven by internal rewards, such as personal enjoyment, interest, or the desire for self-improvement. This type of motivation typically leads to more profound engagement and satisfaction since the individual feels a connection to the task itself. For example, someone who plays an instrument for the sheer joy of making music is intrinsically motivated.

On the other hand, extrinsic motivation involves engaging in a behavior or activity to earn external rewards or avoid negative outcomes. This could include receiving praise, earning money, or achieving a specific grade. The motivation comes from outside the individual, which can impact their level of engagement depending on the nature of the external rewards. For instance, a student studying primarily to get good grades is extrinsically motivated.

Understanding these differences is crucial because they influence not only how individuals approach tasks but also the likelihood of continued engagement in those activities over time. Intrinsic motivation is generally seen as more sustainable since it fosters a love for the activity itself, whereas extrinsic motivation can diminish if the external rewards are removed.