What is the term for other factors that might produce an effect in an experiment?

The term that describes other factors that might produce an effect in an experiment is known as a confounding variable. Confounding variables are extraneous factors that can influence both the independent and dependent variables, potentially skewing the results of the experiment. When conducting research, it's crucial to control for these variables to ensure that the observed effects can be attributed to the independent variable being tested, rather than to other factors that might be affecting the outcome. This helps to establish a clearer cause-and-effect relationship within the scope of the study, and enhances the internal validity of the research findings.

In contrast, independent variables are the factors that the researcher manipulates in an experiment, while dependent variables are the outcomes that are measured to observe the effect of the manipulation. A hypothesis, on the other hand, is a proposed explanation or prediction that can be tested through research.