What research method involves the manipulation of one or more independent variables to observe the effect on a dependent variable?

The research method that involves the manipulation of one or more independent variables to observe the effect on a dependent variable is an experiment. In experimental research, researchers intentionally change or control variables to establish cause-and-effect relationships. By systematically manipulating the independent variable and measuring the changes in the dependent variable, researchers can draw conclusions about how different factors influence outcomes.

This approach allows for a high degree of control over extraneous influences, enabling more reliable interpretations of the results. Experimental designs often include control groups and random assignments, which further strengthen the findings by minimizing bias and ensuring that the observed effects can be attributed to the manipulations of the independent variable.

Other research methods, such as surveys, observations, and case studies, do not typically involve this kind of controlled manipulation and are used for different purposes, such as gathering descriptive information or exploring individual cases in depth.