What term denotes the gathering and analyzing of numerical data to identify patterns or trends?

The correct answer is quantitative research methods, which are defined by the systematic gathering and analysis of numerical data. This approach is fundamental in psychology and other scientific fields because it allows researchers to quantify variables and evaluate relationships or trends within data. By using statistical tools and techniques, researchers can identify patterns, make comparisons, and predict outcomes based on the collected data. This method contrasts with qualitative research, which focuses on understanding concepts, thoughts, or experiences through non-numerical data such as interviews and surveys. Quantitative approaches often involve larger sample sizes to ensure that the findings are statistically significant and generalizable.