What term describes the act of distorting or withholding facts with the intent to mislead others?

The act of distorting or withholding facts to mislead others is best described by the term "deception." This concept encompasses various forms of misleading others, such as lying, altering information, or presenting information in a way that creates false impressions. Deception can occur in numerous contexts, including interpersonal communication and media, and it often involves a deliberate intention to mislead or create a false narrative that influences the perceptions or decisions of the recipient.

In contrast, other terms like confusion refer to a state of being unclear or mixed up about information, which does not inherently involve intent. Omission refers specifically to leaving out information, which may or may not involve an intent to mislead, depending on the context in which it occurs. Manipulation may include deceptive practices as a means to an end but is broader and encompasses exerting influence on others' behavior or beliefs, not solely focused on the aspect of distorting or withholding facts.